Short-Answer Test Questions for Plant Test on Thursday, May 26

Short Answer Questions.  On test day, we will draw 6 from the hat, and you will answer 4.  I put some words in parentheses to help you now, but those words will not be included with the questions on the test day!! Keep in mind that each of these questions will be worth 6-8 points, so don't think too short in the answer. There will also be multiple choice questions and possibly a data-based question.

1. Describe the process of transpiration of water from leaf to root.  (evaporation, polarity, hydrogen bonds, cohesion, adhesion, hydrophilic xylem, pressure gradient, etc).
2. Describe at least 4 adaptations of xerophytes to conserve water and 2 adaptations of halophytes to survive in saline conditions.  Also, include 3 examples of xerophytes and 1 example of a halophyte.
3. Draw and label a cross-section diagram of a young dicotyledonous stem (6 labels: xylem, phloem, cambium, cortex, epidermis, pith).  Also, give a brief function for each thing labeled.
4. Describe the translocation of phloem sap from source to sink.  (companion cells, proton pumps, active transport, incompressibility, osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, phloem loading, sieve tubes, etc).
5. Describe how scientists use aphid stylets to study translocation rates in plants.  Be specific.  
6. Describe how auxin works to promote phototropism in plants (gene expression, PIN3 proteins, shady side, hydrogen ions, cellulose, cell expansion, etc).
7. Draw and label an animal pollinated flower (stigma, style, anther, filament, petal, sepal, ovary).  Also, give a brief function for each thing labeled.
8. Describe the concept of photoperiodism and how phytochromes PR and PFR control long-day and short-day flowers.  
9. Distinguish between pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal in plants and give 3 methods of pollination and 3 methods of seed dispersal.
10. Describe the process of seed germination, including factors that affect germination and the role of gibberellin.